Who was the person who created the Cyrillic alphabet? The earliest literature written in Cyrillic was translations of parts of the Bible and various church texts. Paleographers consider the earliest features of Bosnian Cyrillic script had likely begun to appear between the 10th or 11th century, with the Humac tablet (a tablet written in Bosnian Cyrillic) to be the first such document using this type of script and is believed to date from this period. Later a succession of cursive forms developed. The letters also had numeric values, based not on Cyrillic alphabetical order, but inherited from the letters' Greek ancestors. This table contains all the characters used. Therefore, Cyril found a unique way to solve this problem. Exceptions and additions for particular languages are noted below. The Thai writing system was first created in the 1200s (the . In practice the scripts are equal, with Latin being used more often in a less official capacity. Here's why it holds court in Russia as opposed to a Latin-based alphabet. Bulgarian. Today, many languages in the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and northern Eurasia are written in Cyrillic alphabets. On food packaging made in Russia today Kazakh language is still in Cyrillic, though a planned shift to Latin has been declared. The Cyrillic alphabet is, like the Roman alphabet (that you are reading . El 24 de mayo se celebra el Da del alfabeto cirlico, un da muy especial para todos los fanticos de los idiomas en Duolingo y para los casi 250 millones de hablantes de idiomas que usan el sistema de escritura cirlico. Additionally, the letter , representing /je/ in Russian, is instead pronounced /e/ or //, with /je/ being represented by e. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cyrillic-alphabet, Omniglot - History and Development of the Cyrillic Alphabet. Here two of my favorites: Cyrillic can look daunting at first, especially when you see a lot of unfamiliar characters all at once, but dont be discouraged! When was the Cyrillic alphabet first used in Bulgaria? From 1941 the Cyrillic script was used exclusively. Muchas letras derivadas del griego son falsos amigos: algunas letras podran proceder de letras idnticas o similares del griego, pero tras aos de uso y transformaciones, han llegado a representar diferentes sonidos en los alfabetos cirlico y latino. Meaning: n. an alphabet derived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages. Cyrillic is the de facto script used along side Latin. Now Cyrillic scripts are certainly used by speakers of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian. The Cyrillic script itself has gone through many tweaks, transformations, and iterations that have led to the letters we see today. By 2025, five out of six Turkic-speaking countries will be using Latin alphabet. For example, some Slavic languages like Czech, Slovak, and Polish use the Latin alphabet while other non-Slavic languages like Tajik, Tatar, and Mongolian use the Cyrilic script! The Cyrillic alphabet is based on the Greek alphabet, and about a dozen more letters were created to represent Slavic sounds that aren't found in Greek. About half of them are in Russia. "Origins of Russian Printing". [44], The Zhuang alphabet, used between the 1950s and 1980s in portions of the People's Republic of China, used a mixture of Latin, phonetic, numeral-based, and Cyrillic letters. The school was also a center of translation, mostly of Byzantine authors. Corrections? Cyrillic. On food packaging made in Russia today Kazakh language is still in Cyrillic, though a planned shift to Latin ha. Some of these, such as , , and derive from the Glagolitic script and might present a bit more of a challenge at first glance. Uzbekistan still uses both systems, and Kazakhstan has officially begun a transition from Cyrillic to Latin (scheduled to be complete by 2025). Some of Russia's peoples such as the Tatars have also tried to drop Cyrillic, but the move was halted under Russian law. The Cyrillic alphabet is used for the Chuvash language since the late 19th century, with some changes in 1938. With the orthographic reform of Saint Evtimiy of Tarnovo and other prominent representatives of the Tarnovo Literary School of the 14th and 15th centuries, such as Gregory Tsamblak and Constantine of Kostenets, the school influenced Russian, Serbian, Wallachian and Moldavian medieval culture. West South Slavic languages, such as Serbian, share common features such as and . The Turkish alphabet (Turkish: Trk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (, , I, , , and ) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language. 2012. It was developed in . Since its inception, the Cyrillic alphabet has went through multiple changes. 200105, O.Ed. In Russia, Cyrillic was first written in the early Middle Ages in clear-cut, legible ustav (large letters). The characters in the range U+048A to U+052F are additional letters for various languages that are written with Cyrillic script. Cyrillic handwriting, 17th century . Nowadays, over 300 million people use Cyrillic alphabet in 12 countries. Tatar has used Cyrillic since 1939, but the Russian Orthodox Tatar community has used Cyrillic since the 19th century. No est del todo claro quin procedi en la creacin del alfabeto cirlico, pero s sabemos que surgi de estas escuelas literarias, donde tom mucho del griego para la creacin de letras y del glagoltico para sonidos especficamente eslavos. - , - , 15.10.2021. However, a closer look reveals that it is a mishmash of several popular words and sounds derived from Greek, Hebrew, and the old Latin. These scholars, and brothers, had recently created a script in Great Moravia which was exactly what Boris was looking for. (Top is set in Georgia font, bottom in Odessa Script. ), it never indicates /j/ in native words. The Cyrillic alphabet was used in the then much bigger territory of Bulgaria (including most of today's Serbia), North Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania, Northern Greece (Macedonia region), Romania and Moldova, officially from 893. What is more, this alphabet is the sole official script across the EU's eastern border, in Belarus, the Russian . The following table shows the three main variations of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Balkans: Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbian. . More than 250 million people in more than 20 countries make use of it. ), but may occur in native onomatopoeic words. The Cyrillic alphabet was an indirect result of the missionary work of the 9th-century Apostles of the Slavs, St. Cyril (or Constantine) and St. Methodius. This leaflet is part of a series of publications published in the context of the cultural events organised by the EESC. Pronunciation. Toma estas letras como ejemplo: Sin embargo, ten cuidado! Currently, Cyrillic is in use by more than 50 languages, including Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Kazakh, Turkmen, and many more. The Cyrillic alphabet is used in both Slavic and non-Slavic countries, including in Turkic and Persian nations from Central Asia to Eastern Europe. View this answer. Short I ( ), however, uses the base glyph. A number of languages have switched from Cyrillic to either a Roman-based orthography or a return to a former script. [8] The objective was to make it possible to have Christian service in Slavic tongue, instead of in Greek, which locals . Which countries still use Cyrillic script? Do all Slavic countries use the Cyrillic alphabet? No, not all Slavic countries use the Cyrillic alphabet. Its not exactly clear who went on to create the Cyrillic script, but we do know that it emerged from these literary schools, borrowing from Greek for many letters and from Glagolitic for specifically Slavic sounds. In addition, Bulgarian uses different lettering for similar sounds than Russian does; for example, Bulgarian uses and instead of , and like its neighbor country does. The Cyrillic alphabet was created by St. Cyril and St. Methodius in the 9th century. Turkeys neighbors Bulgaria, Greece, Armenia, Georgia, Syria, and Azerbaijan are using Cyrillic (), Greek (), Armenian ( ), Georgian (), Arabic () and . Short History of the Cyrillic Alphabet. Some experts think this decision highlights the cooling in relations between Kazakhstan and Russia, a desire to distance away . Is the Greek alphabet the Cyrillic alphabet? Paul Cubberley (1996) "The Slavic Alphabets". Cyrillic is usually associated with Slavic languages like Russian and Bulgarian, and though the original script was designed for languages in this family, it isnt a firm rule. Cyrillic and Glagolitic were used for the Church Slavonic language, especially the Old Church Slavonic variant. And if you want to go the extra mile, you can add some Cyrillic stickers to your keyboard to practice typing. El cirlico suele asociarse con los idiomas eslavos como el ruso y el blgaro, pero aunque el alfabeto fue diseado para los idiomas en esa familia, esa no es una regla rgida. 1931. Bulgarian uses Cyrillic characters, while Russian uses an alphabet based on Latin characters. . The Cyrillic script is used by many languages in Eastern Europe and Asia, but not all Slavic languages and countries use it. Iotation was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter : (not an ancestor of modern Ya, , which is derived from ), , (ligature of and ), , . Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (categorized as vyaz' and still found on many icon inscriptions today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow, with strokes often shared between adjacent letters. As of Unicode version 15.0, Cyrillic letters, including national and historical alphabets, are encoded across several blocks: The characters in the range U+0400 to U+045F are essentially the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions. The modern Russian alphabet is a variant of the cyrillic alphabet and contains 33 letters. What is more, this alphabet is the sole official script across the EUs eastern border, in Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Quizs hayas notado que muchas letras cirlicas se ven y suenan muy similar a letras del alfabeto latino. North Macedonia/Official languages. Among the general public, it is often called "the Russian alphabet," because Russian is the most popular and influential alphabet based on the script. Try using Cyrillic letters to write your name! The Mongolic languages include Khalkha (in Mongolia; Cyrillic is official since 1941, in practice from 1946), Buryat (around Lake Baikal; Cyrillic is used since the 1930s) and Kalmyk (northwest of the Caspian Sea; Cyrillic is used in various forms since the 1920-30s). Here is the information about the Cyrillic alphabet with all the details What is the Cyrillic Alphabet? [8] Since the beginning of the 1990s Mongolia has been making attempts to extend the rather limited use of Mongol script and the most recent National Plan for Mongol Script aims to bring its use to the same level as Cyrillic by 2025 and maintain a dual-script system (digraphia).[9]. It is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, past and present, Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. Take these letters, for example: Be careful, though! Other character encoding systems for Cyrillic: Each language has its own standard keyboard layout, adopted from typewriters. Unicode as a general rule does not include accented Cyrillic letters. Slavic was the native language of the Slavs who now live in Russia, Serbia, and other places. It only stands next to Latin and the Greek scripts as the important official scripts in the European Union. In Czech and Slovak, which have never used Cyrillic, "azbuka" refers to Cyrillic and contrasts with "abeceda", which refers to the local Latin script and is composed of the names of the first letters (A, B, C, and D). When practical Cyrillic keyboard layouts or fonts are unavailable, computer users sometimes use transliteration or look-alike "volapuk" encoding to type in languages that are normally written with the Cyrillic alphabet. Mantn tu racha en Duolingo en ucraniano y ruso y estars leyendo y hablando en cirlico antes de lo que crees! Since 1851 at least, the holiday has been known as the "Day of the Bulgarian script" in some areas. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Among others, Cyrillic is the standard script for writing the following languages: The Cyrillic script has also been used for languages of Alaska,[41] Slavic Europe (except for Western Slavic and some Southern Slavic), the Caucasus, the languages of Idel-Ural, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. While these languages largely have phonemic orthographies, there are occasional exceptionsfor example, Russian is pronounced /v/ in a number of words, an orthographic relic from when they were pronounced // (e.g. The purpose of the Worldwide Illustrated Stamp Identifier is to provide a visual tool to assist in identifying the country of origin of particularly challenging stamps. What Is The Difference Between Catholic And Christian? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Este no era el alfabeto cirlico que conocemos hoy en da: se llama alfabeto glagoltico y se ve muy diferente del cirlico moderno. Updates? Hence expressions such as " is the tenth Cyrillic letter" typically refer to the order of the Church Slavonic alphabet; not every Cyrillic alphabet uses every letter available in the script. Cyrillic Alphabet Day 2021. 300 million people Abkhaz is a Caucasian language, spoken in the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia. Currently, Cyrillic is in use by more than 50 languages, including Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Kazakh, Turkmen, and . and are used in loanwords only (Russian, Tibetan, etc. Some . As of 2011, around 252 million people in . This system of letters is also used in countries of Central Asia. However, the release of Unicode 5.1 in 2008 improved the computer support of these alphabets. Which country invented the Cyrillic alphabet? How is the Cyrillic alphabet different from the East Slavic alphabet? The Cyrillic letters , , , , , , and are not used in native Kazakh words, but only for Russian loans. 'The Lives of St. Tsurho and St. Strahota', Bohemia, 1495, Vatican Library, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 21:14. Cyrillic spread among other Slavic peoples, as well as among non-Slavic Vlachs. Tal como en espaol tenemos la y en el francs aparece la , algunos smbolos del cirlico aparecen en los alfabetos de algunos idiomas pero en otros no. Por ejemplo: Otras letras no tienen una contraparte idntica en latn. Under the provisions of that law, Latin would become an auxiliary script. Sometimes different letters were used interchangeably, for example = = , as were typographical variants like = . Now Cyrillic scripts are certainly used by speakers of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian. Standard Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration systems include: See also Romanization of Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kyrgyz, Russian, Macedonian and Ukrainian. He removed some of the letters, like and , along with several forms of the letter . Many Greek-derived letters are false friends. 24 May is an important holiday in many Eastern European countries as it is the day of the Cyrillic Alphabet. Its adaptation to local languages produced a number of Cyrillic alphabets, discussed below. The reasons for this switch and the need for it are diverse. Their disciples went to South Slavic regions of the first Bulgarian empire, including what are now Bulgaria and the Republic of North Macedonia, where in the 900s they constructed a new script for Slavic, based on capital Greek letters, with some additions; confusingly, this later script (drawing on the name of Cyril) became known as Cyrillic. All these alphabets, and other ones (Abaza, Adyghe, Chechen, Ingush, Kabardian) have an extra sign: palochka (), which gives voiceless occlusive consonants its particular ejective sound. [13][14][15][16] Paul Cubberley posits that although Cyril may have codified and expanded Glagolitic, it was his students in the First Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Simeon the Great that developed Cyrillic from the Greek letters in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books.[12]. For the national variants of the Cyrillic script, see, 1780s Romanian text (Lord's Prayer), written with the Cyrillic script, Letters Ge, De, I, Short I, Em, Te, Tse, Be and Ve in upright (printed) and cursive (handwritten) variants. The last language to adopt Cyrillic was the Gagauz language, which had used Greek script before. 8 How is the Cyrillic alphabet different from the East Slavic alphabet? The Tajik alphabet is written using a Cyrillic-based alphabet. ", "On the relationship of old Church Slavonic to the written language of early Rus'" Horace G. Lunt; Russian Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 23 / January, 1987. A quick calculation shows that about 2.6 billion people (36% of the world population) use the Latin alphabet, about 1.3 billion people (18%) use the Chinese script, about 1 billion people (14%) use the Devanagari script (India), about 1 billion people (14%) use the Arabic alphabet, about 0.3 billion people (4%) use the Cyrillic alphabet and about 0.25 billion people (3.5%) use the Dravidian . The Catholic-Orthodox schism more or less split the country in two: Slovenia and Croatia traditionally used the Latin alphabet, whilst Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia used Cyrillic script. Two candidate countries, Macedonia and Serbia, also use the Cyrillic alphabet. Which is the only country to use the Cyrillic alphabet? With the flexibility of computer input methods, there are also transliterating or phonetic/homophonic keyboard layouts made for typists who are more familiar with other layouts, like the common English QWERTY keyboard. Kurds in the former Soviet Union use a Cyrillic alphabet: The Ossetic language has officially used the Cyrillic script since 1937. Estos eruditos (y hermanos) haban creado recientemente un alfabeto en Gran Moravia que era exactamente lo que Boris buscaba. 1 What countries use the Cyrillic alphabet? How many countries use the Cyrillic alphabet? Lezgian is a literary language and an official language of Dagestan. A Byzantine monk named Saint Cyril created the Cyrillic alphabet in around 683 AD. Khalkha Mongolian is also written with the Mongol vertical alphabet, which was the official script before 1941. It is also widely spread through out Uzbekistan. The early Cyrillic alphabet is difficult to represent on computers. For the writing system as a whole, see, See the notes for each language for details, mid (2002), pp. National holidays honoring the brothers and Slavic literacy and culture are celebrated in Bulgaria . The name 'Cyrillic alphabet' honours the younger of the Cyril and Methodius brothers, born in Thessaloniki at the . Few fonts include glyphs sufficient to reproduce the alphabet. Which EU countries use Cyrillic alphabet? [citation needed], Standard Serbian uses both the Cyrillic and Latin scripts. In 1998 the government has adopted a Latin alphabet to replace it. However, in some alphabets invented in the 19th century, such as Mari, Udmurt and Chuvash, umlauts and breves also were used. Cyrillic is nominally the official script of Serbia's administration according to the Serbian constitution;[43] however, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means. lowercase italic Cyrillic , may look like small-capital italic T. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by disciples of the two Byzantine brothers[6] Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, who had previously created the Glagolitic script. In 1708, Peter the Great, one of the Czars of Russia, introduced lower case characters, and made it mandatory to use Westernized letter forms. Which countries use Cyrillic alphabet? Long vowels are indicated with double letters. Alphabets based on the Serbian that add new letters often do so by adding an acute accent over an existing letter. Started in Bulgaria, it now serves as the official script for nearly 50 languages, including Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian, and Uzbek! The oldest Cyrillic alphabet was developed in 683 A.D. by the Byzantine monk and saint Cyril. [42] Other Cyrillic alphabets include the Molodtsov alphabet for the Komi language and various alphabets for Caucasian languages. The Slavic Alphabet. Esta historia llena de variaciones empieza en el siglo IX en Bulgaria con el Tsar Boris I, quien quera que los blgaros adoptaran el cristianismo sin sacrificar su idioma y cultura. The Cyrillic alphabet is closely based on the Greek alphabet, with about a dozen additional letters invented to represent Slavic sounds not found in Greek. Instead, these are represented by the digraphs , u, and , respectively. Thank you for your time and consideration. Unlike the Latin script, which is usually adapted to different languages by adding diacritical marks/supplementary glyphs (such as accents, umlauts, fadas, tildes and cedillas) to standard Roman letters, by assigning new phonetic values to existing letters (e.g. The birth place of the Cyrillic alphabet is Bulgaria. The creator is Saint Clement of Ohrid from the Preslav literary school in the First Bulgarian Empire. Cyrillic is used co-officially alongside the, The Montenegrin language, the official language of Montenegro, is written in Latin and Cyrillic, North Macedonia has two official languages, Macedonian, which is written in Cyrillic, and Albanian, written in Latin. Note: in some fonts or styles, , i.e. Countries using the Cyrillic alphabet: Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Macedonia, Serbia. Many of the letters look very similar to those of Latin alphabets, like A, E, K, M, O, and T. However, some may have a different sound. John the Exarch); and Chernorizets Hrabar, among others. In 1941, Mongolian linguists developed a writing system adopting the Russian Cyrillic Alphabet, which included adding an additional two letters (, ) to the original Russian Cyrillic. It has been used in Bulgaria (with modifications and exclusion of certain archaic letters via spelling reforms) continuously since then, superseding the previously used Glagolitic alphabet, which was also invented and used there before the Cyrillic script overtook its use as a written script for the Bulgarian language. The transition is complete in most of Moldova (except the breakaway region of Transnistria, where Moldovan Cyrillic is official), Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan. Plovdiv. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters to represent words, morphemes, or other semantic units. Turkmen, written 19401994 exclusively in Cyrillic, since 1994 officially in Roman, but in everyday communication Cyrillic is still used along with Roman script. Spellings of names transliterated into the Roman alphabet may vary, especially (y/j/i), but also (gh/g/h) and (zh/j). ), Bosnia and Herzegovina has three official languages, Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian, which are used with both Latin and Cyrillic, Albanian is written in Latin script in Kosovo, but Serbian in Cyrillic, Kazakh language will be transitioned to a Latin script from 2023 to 2031. En ese entonces, los textos religiosos solo estaban disponibles en griego, el idioma de los vecinos de Boris en el Imperio bizantino. Avar is a Caucasian language, spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, of the Russian Federation, where it is co-official together with other Caucasian languages like Dargwa, Lak, Lezgian and Tabassaran. However, the native font terminology in most Slavic languages (for example, in Russian) does not use the words "roman" and "italic" in this sense. If he could find a new script for Slavic languages, Boris could have religious texts translated, and Bulgarians could practice Christianity in their mother tongue. After Boris's son Simeon I officially adopted the newly minted Cyrillic script for Bulgarians in 893, it took off! Mongolia and Russia, based on the use of Cyrillic alphabet text. It is currently used exclusively or as one of several alphabets for more than 50 languages, notably Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Montenegrin (spoken in Montenegro; also called Serbian), Russian, Serbian, Tajik (a dialect of Persian), Turkmen, Ukrainian, and Uzbek. Writing system developed in Bulgaria and used for various languages of Eurasia, This article is about the alphabet. This wasnt the Cyrillic script we know todayit was called the Glagolitic script, which looks pretty different from modern Cyrillic! Saints Naum and Clement, both of Ohrid and both among the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, are sometimes credited with having devised the Cyrillic alphabet. Each letter has an assigned sound and a name. Certain letters are handwritten differently, as seen in the adjacent image. In Microsoft Windows, the Segoe UI user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8. May 24th marks Cyrillic Alphabet Day which is a special day for all the language lovers at Duolingo and for the nearly 250 million speakers of languages that use the Cyrillic script. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Revisions to the existing Cyrillic blocks, and the addition of Cyrillic Extended A (2DE0 2DFF) and Cyrillic Extended B (A640 A69F), significantly improve support for the early Cyrillic alphabet, Abkhaz, Aleut, Chuvash, Kurdish, and Moksha.[46]. [citation needed], Unicode 5.1, released on 4 April 2008, introduces major changes to the Cyrillic blocks. The new letterforms, called the Civil script, became closer to those of the Latin alphabet; several archaic letters were abolished and several new letters were introduced designed by Peter himself. With so many languages that contain so many unique sounds using this script, there is no "one size fits all" set of letters that can satisfy everyone. If you can't find any email from us, note that it might have been ended up in your spam folder. In 2017, Kazakhstan announced the transition to Latin. Ivan G. Iliev. It is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, past and present, Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. 7 Who was the person who created the Cyrillic alphabet? Macedonian Some Bulgarian intellectuals, notably Stefan Tsanev, have expressed concern over this, and have suggested that the Cyrillic script be called the "Bulgarian alphabet" instead, for the sake of historical accuracy.[10]. Cyrillic is an official or co-official script in the post-Yugoslav of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, which may become members of the EU in the coming decade. Which countries speak and understand Russian. The translation was extremely tough due to the presence of many bizarre sounds in the Slavic dialect. There were also commonly used ligatures like = . Male version is "" (looked it up in Wikipedia). South Slavic Cyrillic alphabets (with the exception of Bulgarian) are generally derived from Serbian Cyrillic. It was first developed on the initiative of Czar Simon the Great of Bulgaria. The following table lists the Cyrillic letters which are used in the alphabets of most of the national languages which use a Cyrillic alphabet. How do you get white residue off black tiles? In the early eighteenth century, under Peter the Great, the forms of letters were simplified and regularized, with some appropriate only to Greek . Tengo muchos anotadores de mi escuela secundaria llenos con mi nombre escrito como . It is currently used exclusively or as one of several alphabets for more than 50 languages, notably Belarusian , Bulgarian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Montenegrin (spoken in Montenegro; also called Serbian), Russian .
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