Patron of that Leaden death!" Where neither principal owned a pistol, then a pair might be produced to be shared. Flintlock Target Pistol of Prince William Frederick, Second Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (17761834), with Case and Accessories, Gunsmith:
Lennox grazed the Dukes curls, and the Duke held his fire. (10 cm); Wt. Duelling pistols are often single-shot flintlock or percussion black-powder pistols which fire a lead ball. Mortimer & Son dueling pistols was presented by the Prince Regent to Spanish rebel Francisco Sayus in 1811 and was later owned by Confederate Secretary of the Navy Stephen R. Mallory. All rights reserved. By 1780, Wogdon had settled on the final form for his duelling pistols and saw no reason for any major changes over the next 23 years. John Barton (British, recorded 17951819), Culture:
Starting in 1795 to 1803, he operated with a partner, John Barton, as Wogdon & Barton so this pistol is 1795 or earlier. The barrels were given a blued or browned finish to reduce glare. It is also only the second pair of Wogdons known with 16-sided barrels. The Critical Review; or, Annals of Literature, hot air balloons with blunderbusses over Paris, Duke of York was challenged by his nephew Charles Lennox. Bentham concluded that Burr was little better than a murderer. Whatever the eventual outcome, it was the expected duty of both the parties seconds to record faithfully all details of the duel, from the original insult, the issuing of the challenge to the eventual outcome. (42.5 g); screwdriver (e): L. 3 15/16 in. The stock on gun 1, which is lighter than gun 2, is vey good with no cracks, a chip around the rear barrel key, a small chip at the rear trigger guard attachment pin on the right, and scattered usage dents and dings. Wogdons guns were designed to be aimed quickly, reliably fire, and shoot true. .36 in (9.3 mm); Wt. Wogdon & Barton was an 18th-century firm of gunsmiths based in London, England. Mary Eleanor Bowes was the richest heiress in England at that time. Thereafter they quickly took over and after 1785 it was rare for a sword duel to be fought in London. When his second wife divorced him in 1834, Alexander Hamilton Jr. served as her lawyer. [3] Spurs on the trigger guards began appearing after around 1805 to provide a rest for the middle finger to improve the shooter's grip. Literature: For similar examples see Robert Wogdon, Wogdon & Barton, John Barton by John OSullivan & De Witt Bailey pp 180 185. Purpose-built duelling pistols have various improvements to make them more reliable and accurate. The stock is very good with the typical flat sided Wogdon style grips, two fastening wedges, no cracks or chips (except a small chip at the forward lock screw), and the wear expected of a 225 plus year old flintlock pistol. Wogdon's duelling pistols were fitted with set triggers as a standard feature, so they cannot be regarded as "secret" devices that other duellists of the era would be completely unaware of. Lot 1275: Cased Pair of Griffin & Tow flintlock dueling pistols circa 1780. For this reason, very few duels can now be confidently identified as those in which Wogdon pistols were used. From about 1770 onwards, gunsmiths were producing pistols expressly made for duelling.[2]. SOLD. Each pistol with 10 inch rebrowned sighted octagonal barrel inscribed Wogdon & Barton London on the top flat, gold lined touch hole, foliate engraved tang incorporating the rear sight, flat bevel edged signed lock with stepped tail and sliding safety, set trigger, figured walnut full stock, swelling flat sided butt, engraved iron furniture including trigger guard with pineapple finial, horn tipped ramrod; contained in their original baize lined mahogany case with accessories including a leather bodied flask, flint wallet and cleaning rod, the exterior with recessed brass carrying handle. Wogdon & Barton (founded by Robert Wogdon) was an 18th-century firm of gunsmiths based in London, England. The barrels are marked Wogdon & Barton London in script on the top flat. This is an edited extract from Robert Wogdon, Wogdon & Barton, John Barton, London Gunmakers 1764-1819, price 75, published by Bonhams. Gunmaker at Mr. Maws haberdashers, Cockspur St., Charing Cross, 1764. In Britain, the favoured type was for the duellists to stand still at an agreed distance and shoot when given the signal. Wood for Gunsmithing and restoration. (10 cm); Wt. His pistols were so well known that "Stanzas on Duelling Inscribed to Wogdon, the Celebrated Pistol-Maker" from 1782 starts with the lines "Hail Wogdon! The victor is presumed to be the just party in the case because the divine would have chosen the winner. Although their purpose was combat or self-defense, holster pistols were used on occasion to fight duels. In 1797, Alexander Hamilton's brother-in-law, John Baker Church, had obtained an exquisite pair of custom-made dueling pistols made by Wogdon. With John Barton traded as Wogdon & Barton, from 1795, succeeded by Barton, 1803. The 9 5/8"" octagon 64 caliber swamped smooth bore barrel has a fair bore with pitting. No details as to the pistol used by the Duke of York have so far been found. On 13 January 1777 at the Adelphi Tavern and Coffeehouse, Bate was accosted by Stoney and the duel proceeded without any witnesses. SUBSCRIBE today for our lowest ever deal, SIX ISSUES for JUST 6 by clicking on THIS link. The stock on gun 2 is fine with no cracks or chips and the dents and dings expected of light to moderate use. 283, sold to MMA). Pistol Kits; Chemicals and Compounds. One Theophilus Swift was to write a pamphlet on the affair, taking the Dukes side. A cased pair of half-stocked duelling pistols dated 1793. Famous for duelling pistols. After he forcibly abducted Mary to the north of England, a warrant was issued for Stoney Bowes arrest. The hooks or spurs on the trigger guard can be used with your middle finger to help steady the pistol. It has an inoperative hammer safety. Burr appears to have had no such qualms and had been practicing his marksmanship. Steel and Brass Section, Rod and Sheet. From about 1790 firearms were generally fitted with mahogany cases, whose interiors were lined with green baize (woolen cloth) and subdivided into discrete compartments for the weapon, tools, and accessories. He died early the next morning. ANTIQUE Engraved WOGDON FLINTLOCK Dueling Pistol Pistol Maker of the Pistols Used in the BURR-HAMILTON Duel! There are currently no customer product questions on this lot. He completed his term as Vice-President but his political career was effectively over. The 10" swamped at the muzzle octagon 67 caliber smooth bore barrels have good bores with light roughness. The overall length of the pistols is 16in and the smooth-bore octagonal barrels are 29-bore. Mechanically fine. The engraving on the escutcheon merits further research. To refuse to take part in the duel would have had the same result. Colonel Burrs shot struck home and General Hamilton fell almost instantly. Robert Wogdon made many and varied firearms pocket and livery pistols, double-barrelled pistols, sporting guns and rifles, carbines and blunderbusses but he was most renowned for his duelling pistols. 1 lb. When a duel was fought with a single pair of pistols it was because neither duellist owned their own and the pistols were supplied by a third party. Robert Wogdon and John Barton operated at 14 Haymarket, London, from 1795 to 1803. Use your arrow keys to navigate the tabs below, and your tab key to choose an item, Title:
4.8 oz. In addition to the renown quality of his pistols in his own time, Wogdon is arguably the most recognized maker of dueling pistols known today because of the pair used in the famous duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr that ended with Hamilton fatally wounded. (1726.5 g). Since the 1800s, explorers and dangerous game hunters navigating the African bush have trusted their lives to the double rifle. To this day, debate still rages as to whether Alexander Hamilton deliberately fired high over Burrs head to demonstrate he had no intention of shooting Burr, or whether his pistol prematurely discharged due to the set trigger before he could properly bring his pistol to bear. The Field is the oldest and ultimate sporting journal, covering everything rural types care about since 1853. There were also varieties of barrier duels in which the duelist started a set number of paces apart with a barrier in the center. An eagle is engraved on the headband. The 10"" swamped at the muzzle octagon 67 caliber smooth bore barrels have good bores with light roughness. Church himself had fought a bloodless duel with Burr a few years earlier. Stoney was to make Marys life a nightmare, subjecting her and her children to eight years of continuing physical and mental abuse, including threats of rape and murder. A PAIR OF ENGLISH FLINTLOCK DUELING PISTOLS by Wogdon & Barton, London The sighted browned octagonal twist steel barrels engraved Wogdon & Barton London, the touch-holes lined in gold with hooked breeches and engraved tangs.Set triggers. If either party was injured at all, the seconds were generally expected to work to declare the duel was over. As you can see, hitting a man-sized target with a muzzleloading pistol wouldnt have been particularly difficult. Flintlock Target Pistol of Prince William Frederick, Second Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (17761834), with Case and Accessories, Wogdon & Barton (British, London 17951803), John Barton (British, recorded 17951819), Pistol: wood (walnut), steel, gold, brass, horn; ramrod: wood (walnut), brass, steel; case: wood (mahogany), velvet, brass; powder flask: brass, steel, leather; bullet mold: steel; screwdriver: wood (walnut), brass, steel; cleaning rod: wood (walnut), brass, steel; bottle: glass, Pistol (a): L. 16 1/8 in. Price and Eacker exchanged shots multiple times the following day without injury and considered their affair settled. Gunmaker John Rigby indicated this was done by Wogdon to try to remedy the fact that duelists often fired high and missed their mark, but in reality bending the bore down would not have helped, and shooting high could have been more easily remedied by different height sights. He returned shortly before the War of 1812. [7] The bullets loaded in them could weigh 214 grains (0.49 ounces; 13.9 grams) in .52 caliber, or more in larger calibers. Reliability was important because if a duellist's pistol failed to fire, he was considered to have taken his shot and was not permitted to re-cock the pistol and try shooting again. (10.5 cm); Wt. A major source of income for Robert Wogdon was the production of duelling pistols, though perhaps significantly he never referred in his invoices to his pistols as being duelling pistols, but were rather a neat pair or brace. Haymarket, 1774-1802. During his lifetime Wogdons pistols were considered to be of unsurpassed quality and reliability, to the point that they were even sold to clients in North America. Wogdon apprenticed to Edward Newton in 1748, according to Howard Blackmore in Gunmakers of London, 1350-1850. After he finished his apprenticeship, he ran his own shop and then partnered with John Barton in 1795 and retired in 1803. British, London, Medium:
Her promiscuous behaviour was well known and a series of anonymous, scurrilous articles with barely veiled references to her appeared in Reverend Bates Morning Post. 0.5 oz. Dueling as a way to protect one's reputation has long faded from acceptable behavior, but these paired and cased dueling pistols for sale in Rock Island Auction Company's Aug. 26-28 Premier Auction are a fascinating way to recall a different time and a different way of personal conduct. This was a legal proceeding in which a persons guilt or innocence was determined by the outcome of a fight. This article about a company of the UK is a stub. The ultimate pocket pistol, derringer handguns are lightweight, compact, and can easily be tucked away in a pocket or purse. [15] The rules of the "French method" of duelling required the duellists to begin back-to-back, walk a set number of paces before turning and firing. Click here for more information. An aesthetic vocabulary of blued, case-hardened, and browned steel and richly finished walnut, both with tasteful gold and silver accents, defines much of their best work. The 9 5/8"" octagon 64 caliber swamped smooth bore barrel has a fair bore with pitting. The Duke did not return fire. They resulted in the deaths of two men from an illustrious American family just a few years apart. Research suggests the attribution is spurious, though the quality is superb. As the distance closed they could fire at will. The custom fitted case has a later three-compartment powder flasks, balls, and an original section from the ramrod of gun "A." Compounds and Solutions for Wood. "The Best Damn Gunshop in the World" A PAIR OF FLINTLOCK DUELLING PISTOLS BY WOGDON & BARTON, LONDON, CIRCA 1800 With octagonal signed barrels each retaining much original browned finish to the underside, gold-lined touch-holes, deeply scroll engraved tangs, signed flat bevelled bolted locks each with roller, gold-lined priming-pan and some original faded case-hardened finish, set triggers, figured walnut full stocks, engraved . Its long barrel, measuring nearly twelve inches in length, indicates its intended use for targets. A discussion of the poem in "The Critical Review; or, Annals of Literature" from 1782 notes, "The artist to whom these stanzas are inscribed is famous for his skill in making pistols, whose aim is remarkably true" and notes the lines "No one can tell how short he shall remain, If honour calls and Wogdon bids him die" as among the best in the poem. His father told him to fire to miss, known as deloping, rather than take a mans life. Free ground shipping on all US Online Orders over $100! David S. Weaver covered this for the American Society of Arms Collectors,but in short, Wodgons barrels were bent downwards slightly. Fate or divine intervention was a key aspect of the origins of dueling. 14.75"". 7 oz. Pistols with calibers of 0.45in (11mm), 0.52in (13mm), 0.58in (15mm) or even 0.65in (17mm) were common. Wogdon & Barton (founded by Robert Wogdon) was an 18th-century firm of gunsmiths based in London, England. Two Engraved English Flintlock Pistols -A) Desirable Wogdon & Barton Dueling PistolWogdon dueling pistols are among the most historical and were used in the most famous of all American duels: the Burr-Hamilton affair. (136.1 g); cleaning rod (c): L. 15 1/2 in. [4], All component parts were manufactured, hand-finished and then adjusted with great care and precision, which made duelling pistols much more costly than standard firearms of the period. This supremely elegant target pistol is among their most accomplished work. Stoney Bowes was to spend the remaining 22 years of his life as a prisoner, his mounting debts still unpaid, and still pursuing yet more legal avenues to regain control of Marys fortune. Churchs dueling pistols were originally similar to the Wogdon & Barton pair in our next auction but at some point had brass forends fitted to them. More Info. (44.5 cm); D. 6 3/4 in. The lock, which is bright along with the cock, is marked in script ""Wogdon"". The Colt Single Action Army revolver and the Winchester Model. 0.00. Impact also services the needs of law enforcement and military with our wide variety of tactical weapons and . Collecting, preserving, researching, publishing, and exhibiting distinguished examples representing the art of the armorer, swordsmith, and gunmaker. [20], The use of pistols in duels became popular in the United Kingdom, France, and colonial America during the mid-eighteenth century. [6], Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh. Graceful, understated, and built with fine attention to detail, it belonged to a cousin of George IV, Prince William Frederick, second Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, whose arms are engraved on the grips gold escutcheon. The actions on both pistols function correctly. The 9 5/8" octagon 64 caliber swamped smooth bore barrel has a fair bore . This pair is rifled, something forbidden by the 18th century dueling codes but that became more accepted in the 19th century, especially in continental Europe where it became standard. Gunsmith Robert Wogdon British
The plot was foiled, but he was acquitted. Hamilton had opposed Burrs political campaigns since the 1790s, and letters were published indicating Hamilton at a dinner expressed his opposition to Burr politically, called him a dangerous man, and held a still more despicable opinion of Burr. Colonel Lennox fired and the ball grazed one of his Royal Highness curls. All the metal has a smooth gray-brown patina. Whatever its origin, the name Wogdon certainly has a funereal ring to it, and very appropriate for the gunmaker whose duelling pistols were to send many men to their premature deaths. Click here for more information. More Info. Though disputed, this duel most likely took place on 26 May 1789. [19] Participants wore heavy, protective clothing and a metal helmet, similar to a fencing mask but with an eye-screen of thick glass. All the metal has a smooth gray-brown patina. Spring Steel. They are immediately recognizable by their elegant proportions, restrained ornament, and technical refinement. SOLD. The top center of the oval has what appears to be some kind of bird figure and a sword. As the smoke cleared, Alexander Hamilton lay mortally wounded. Wogdon & Barton dueling pistols Wogdon & Barton (founded by Robert Wogdon) was an 18th-century firm of gunsmiths based in London, England. Robert Wogdon (January 1734 - 28 March 1813) died aged 79 and was buried with his wife Jane (died 15 February 1805, aged 69) in the chancel of St Bartholomew's Church, located on the outskirts of Buntingford, Hertfordshire.[6]. He was only 19 years old. Given the large number of cased pairs of his duelling pistols that have survived to this day, his production was significant. [3], Duelling pistols had long barrels - typically around 10in (250mm) and fired large, heavy bullets. (14.2 g); case (g): H. 2 5/8 in. Please use the print button in the share bar at the top of the page. Nonetheless, Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel to repair his reputation. 14.75"". The Burr and Hamilton Duel at Weehawken, New Jersey, July 11, 1804 The barrels are marked Wogdon & Barton London in script on the top flat. Tragically, on 21 November 1801, Churchs Wogdon pistols were used in a duel between Hamiltons eldest son, Philip, and George Eaker, a Jefferson supporter who had publicly made insulting remarks about Alexander Hamilton. Lot 3248 in the upcoming August 26-28 Premier Auction: A classic pair of Wogdon dueling pistols from circa 1780. Patron of that Leaden death!" Much to everyones surprise, following the wedding Stoney made a rapid and complete recovery. Wogdon & Barton (British, London 17951803), Gunsmith:
The actions on both pistols function correctly. Public domain data for this object can also be accessed using the Met's Open Access API. Click Photo to Enlarge Guns International #: 101363115 Seller's Inventory #: 190413 Category Antique Pistols - Flintlock Handguns - European Pistols Seller's Information Deloping was technically against most dueling codes as it implied the matter was not actually serious enough for an exchange of gunfire, but it wasnt uncommon. He died in 1813, and by that time hundreds of men are believed to have been injured or killed by his pistols in duels. [2] See "A." A fine duelling pistol by one of the best makers, in good condition, Robert Wogdon was apprenticed to Edward Newton of Grantham, Lincolnshire in 1748. A North African Flintlock Pistol . The pistols have smoothbore Damascus barrels with gold vent liners, dovetailed silver blade front sights, "Wogdon & Barton London" signed on top, registration markings for County Down in Ireland, engraved borders at the breech, and casehardened standing breeches with fixed notch rear sights and engraving. A fine pair of flintlock duelling pistols by the master makers Wogdon and Barton of London, are coming up for auction in the Militaria & Ethnographica Sale at Tennants Auctioneers on 5 th October with an estimate of 14,000 - 18,000 plus buyer's premium. In some situations, the duelist who had already fired was also supposed to keep advancing until the opponent had fired. Prince William Frederick, Second Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1803d. The Duke had earlier indicated to Colonel Lennox that he wished to desire no protection from his rank. With swamped octagonal sighted barrels each signed in script along the top flat and engraved with a band of beadwork at the breech, silver fore-sights, tangs each incorporating the back-sight and finely engraved with foliage, signed flat . The Duke of York had publicly insulted him and had virtually accused him of cowardice. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/29592. This could certainly be a risky proposition if you didnt get to shoot first. The wedge and wrist escutcheons are silver, and the latter have a monogram that appears to be the initials "LD." Colonel Lennox would have faced a real dilemma over this incident. Graceful yet practical and perfectly balanced in the hand, they privilege overall formal quality and flawless mechanical work over applied adornments. As part of, Samuel Brunn (English, London, recorded 17951820), Louis Perrin (French, Paris, active 182365), James Purdey the Elder (British, London 17841863 Margate), J. C. A. Brun (French, Paris, active 184972), Louis Nicolas Auguste Flobert (French, Paris, 18191894). The doctors concluded that Stoneys injuries might well prove fatal. They loaded the pistols and the parties took their stations. His total production of duelling pistols over the 39 years that he was a gunmaker is unknown. A pair of duels in the early 19th century in America have done much to fix Wogdons name in American memory. The events leading up to the duel, the newspaper articles, the near fatal injuries Stoney had suffered, had all been a complete sham engineered by Stoney and Bate to trick Bowes into marriage, giving Stoney control over her huge fortune. Churchs pair supposedly had concealed set triggers, but in reality, set triggers were a standard feature of these pistols rather than a secret designed to give one duelist an advantage over the other, and that pair simply did not have a visible adjustment screw. Generally, if both duelists fired without effect, the challenger could declare himself satisfied or demand another exchange. Robert Wogdon and John Barton operated at 14 Haymarket, London, from 1795 to 1803. Engraved in gold on the barrel: ARGer DE L'EMPEREUR. Travelling pistols, also known as overcoat pistols, were intended for use by travellers to protect themselves from highwaymen and footpads; unlike duelling pistols, they were commonly rifled. This dueling flintlock pistol is by Robert Wogdon (1733-1813), a well-known London gunsmith from Lincolnshire who operated at Haymarket, London, from 1774 to 1802. 1834); Theodore Offerman, New York (until d. 1937; his estate sale, American Art Association-Anderson Galleries, Inc., New York, November 1113, 1937, no. (44.5 cm); D. 6 3/4 in. Robert Wogden was one of the preeminent gunsmiths of his era. It has a dovetailed blade front sight, "Wogdon & Barton London" in script on top of the barrel, a gold vent liner, notch rear sight on top of the breech, "Wogdon & Barton" on the . That may have been one option, but it doesnt appear to have been common. Compounds and Solutions for Metals. (41 cm); L. of barrel 11 15/16 in. (30.3 cm); Cal. Both sets of pistols have single set triggers. Pair of Four-Barreled Turnover Percussion Pistols of Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (17851851), with Pair of Box-Lock Turn-Off Pocket Pistols, Case, and Accessories, Double-Barrel Breech-Loading Pinfire Shotgun, Breech-Loading Rimfire Cartridge Pistol with Case and Accessories. Taking deliberate aim, was considered vicious and discouraged. 15". While that is the origin, people clearly had misgivings about whether God would come to their aid in a duel both back in the Middle Ages and in the early modern era. The trigger guard finial is an engraved acorn. "Loan Exhibition of European Arms and Armor," August 3September 27, 1931, no. Philip was mortally wounded, and died in agony the following day. All the shooter has to do to set the trigger is press it forward, something readily found in examination by anyone knowledgeable with dueling pistols, and a feature I would expect the seconds to explain if one or both duelists was inexperienced. [5] These gave the person using them an advantage over their opponent by reducing the amount of finger pressure required to fire the pistol, which greatly increased accuracy of the shot. Pair of Wogdon & Barton Flintlock Dueling Pistols (AH6322), 7626 Westheimer @ Voss, Houston, Texas 77063. 2023 Rock Island Auction Company. Like most of the earlier English dueling pistols, this pair has a lighter build. (136.1 g); cleaning rod (c): L. 15 1/2 in. This nice single dueling flintlock pistol by a very well known maker is ready for your English flintlock pistol collection. Many later pistols have heavier barrels and half-stocks while the early pistols are lighter and full-stocked. Many of Wogdons pistols have bent barrels. Had Lennox refused to challenge the Duke, his reputation as an officer and a gentleman would have been irrevocably compromised. One could be excused for not recognising the pistols used in the Hamilton-Burr duel as having been made by the famous Wogdon. His pistols had now reached a level of perfect proportions and balance, and had a simple elegance that could hardly be improved. 15"". Pistol (a): L. 16 1/8 in. SOLD. This time by his father and Vice President Aaron Burr. Browse SCHEELS selection of handguns and pistols featuring top brands like Glock, SIG, Smith & Wesson, & more. Lennox replied that he could not consider His Royal Highness as any other than the son of his King. 1.5 oz. The duel took place at exactly the same place where Philips father was to meet Aaron Burr three years later. Pistol: wood (walnut), steel, gold, brass, horn; ramrod: wood (walnut), brass, steel; case: wood (mahogany), velvet, brass; powder flask: brass, steel, leather; bullet mold: steel; screwdriver: wood (walnut), brass, steel; cleaning rod: wood (walnut), brass, steel; bottle: glass, Dimensions:
Committed to designing and building . The pistols used in the Hamilton=Burr duel, which belonged to Hamiltons brother-in-law. The relined case has moderate age and storage related wear. Burr, with his political prospects already fading, demanded an explanation of what Hamilton had said about him, and a series of notes were exchanged. He died the following day. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Given both men had time to take deliberate aim, neither may walk away unscathed, and the chance of death was high. Burr was unharmed but stood in shock before being rushed away from the scene as was customary. When facing down a, The birth of the legendary Barrett M82 sniper rifle, is a fascinating American tale of inspiration, dedication, and innovation. Churchs Wogdon & Barton pistols were used on July 11, 1804, close to where the young Hamilton had been mortally wounded. We offer a wide selection of firearms, including: handguns, shotguns, rifles, ammunition, rifle scopes and optics, as well as collectible machine guns and other NFA/Class 3 guns. Wogdon made the pistols used in the infamous BurrHamilton duel, which were later claimed to have concealed "hair triggers" (also known as set triggers). He is recorded as 'Gunmaker, at Mr. Maw's Haberdasher, Cockspur St., Charing Cross' in 1764. Provenance: The Collection of Joe M. Wanenmacher Jr. The barrels have a decorative band around the breech end. (9.6 mm); Wt. Two loud bangs followed by the unmistakable sound of clashing swords were heard and, with the help of waiters, the door was forced open. The poem later references him again and notes, "This death we lay not, Wogdon to thy blame; Cullum must have his fame as well as you.
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