cadillac eldorado brougham pininfarina

Very cool. Copycat Brougham ? the Dream Cars section of the Database for bespoke models from 1924 through 1934. Though make the frontal styling that of the 1962, and a 61-64 60 Special roof quarters, four armchair seats and center-opening doors. Hi Will Fox and thanks for your comments. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Originally, the car would not have had any storage compartment under the dash. $119,000 1958 Cadillac Brougham Bay City, MI. The cowl stamping is the single most complicated and expensive stamping. '57 Cadillac chassis. Happy motoring! These photos . Kruch, in Brussels, who knew of the car when it was in the museum there; unfortunately, he Some time after I had inquired about this car from PF, in 1976, an enthusiast That car was completed in 1954. In 1953, Luigi Chinetti, the well-known New York Ferrari importer, commissioned After 200 Eldorado Broughams were built for 1959-60, the cars faded into the past with the majority of people probably soon forgetting them. The price of a Brougham was nearly double the price of Cadillacs top-of-the-line Eldorado or Fleetwood. Pinin Farina hand-built 99 Eldorado Broughams for 1959 and 101 the following year, along with the Cadillac-commissioned show cars, the 1959 Skylight and Starlight coupes. Cadillac shipped the chassis to Italy and Pinin Farina would install bodies, something Cadillac would repeat decades later with the Allante, another Pininfarina design. If you have some other info, link to it please. Mouton or nylon carpet could also be ordered. Wow, Dean where did you spot this one?! one I saw in Geneva (that car was on loan from the Pininfarina museum and has Each Brougham exhibited a refinement that only hand-crafting could produce. These, however, didnt sell as well as the 1957-1958 Detroit built Broughams. Seams were filled with lead. A good read on the brougham of that era for those like me that were a bit uneducated. My first glimpse of the 1959 made me think that some man was driving next years Cadillac. A Google search [in June, 2005] reveals that there is still a Vicmar Caddys interest the coach builder showed two [?] version turned up for sale in Hemmings Motor News on 1958 PF coupe and convertible Have a look at Acura TL ads. Regular Cadillacs were noted for their low depreciation rates in those days. I wasnt clear on that, I was speaking relevant to the previous usual Eldorados which of course used common car fronts with unique Eldorado bodies. jeep up the good scam. So either PF is confusing the Paris and Geneva salons, or - as I Pininfarina Cadillac show cars were "immobile" pushmobiles and not think Geneva in 1958), with the hard-top removed Willems later bought out his Im now curious numerically where this car falls in the line of 101 produced that year. Pink Volkswagen Beetle. Where do I sign? The Farina workmanship includes seams that are hammer welded without the use of solder. of) the coupe(s). This is the first GM car with the crisp Bill Mitchell look. if "For Sale" in New York, There are protective splash pans and flanges under the car to prevent the rocker panel from scraping on steep driveways. the Palazzo Stupenigi in Turin, who attended both these shows or who actually saw photos of the two Skylight I wish that Cadillac would have produced something like the Jacqueline, also a Pininfarina design. turbine wheels or wheel covers, more likely], then removed from that chassis and put on Eldorado Brougham The Their styling predicted future model designs. Jacqueline Chrome trim is made from brass castings. some six years AFTER publication of the Hemmings ad), he did courtesy Revue Automobile, 1958-59), Image from Pinin Farina ad in In addition to these features, six-way power seats, power windows & door locks, power trunk release, power steering & brakes, automatic transmission, and an air suspended self-leveling system. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'barnfinds_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_15',148,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-barnfinds_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Interesting article as this is the first I heard of Cadillac using Pinninfarina back in 59 and 60. This car had been purchased for around $10K, if memory serves, by a very wealthy customer that was on a buying spree, and was complete and running with the Q engine and everything intact. in December 2001, "at the hands of" Mr. Couturier, who claimed I knew Im no expert, but Ive never seen a 60 Cadillac with skegs, a panel that plain between the trunk and bumper, and no taillights in the fins. then first lady, Jacqueline Bouvier-Kennedy. Your email address will not be published. numbered 5315 and 5319. inspired by the Cadillac Eldorado Brougham. above PF to which Benot referred?). Production in Italy was not only cost efficient but it prevented the assembly lines in Detroit from the slow-down due to the nature of the hand finishing that the Eldorado Brougham required. I always thought that these were far more attractive than the other 59 -60 Cadillacs. This was taken at Classic Caddy in Oakville circa 1991. Most people who could afford a brand-new car did not keep it for 8-10 years, and very few people drove their cars much beyond 100,000 miles. Around the exterior, Brougham badging was very discreet and they werent labeled as Cadillacs other then by a Cadillac crest on the wheel cover. The "Couturier car" attracted large crowds, at the Concorso +1. This 1958 Cadillac ElDorado Brougham, body . convertible, shown at the Paris salon in October 1958, is in my Cadillac Fleetwood. At a whopping $13,075, it was three times the price of the average Cadillac. You think PF couldnt make a quarter panel? chassis. Well, Mr. Couturier, Pinin Farina, as the company was then known, had been working with GM on the second-generation Eldorado Brougham program for 1959. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Copyright 2011 - 2023 Curbside Classics. There, the bodies were hand-built and mounted in the new Via Lesna industrial complex covering about fifteen acres. I am not sure how practical they are, now as an older man, I find it hard to turn around like I would need to to get my hat out. That said, in his second message, Benot suggested that I contact Michel The Eldorado Broughams arepowered by a triple carb 389 CI V8. Cadillac sent the bare chassis, which were manufactured in the USA, by plane across the Atlantic and then received the completed cars back in the same way. It was followed by the Cabriolet Four-Posti, a four-seat convertible with exquisitely clean Italian style, and the 1959 Coupe Four-Posti. The majority of the body panels were stamped in America. The surprise was that it arrived under its own power. I quite like this model better than the 59 a friend has that everyone raves about, GM toned down the fins quite well for 1960 and the twin afterburner tail lights look good to me anyway YMMV. 1959 Cadillac Eldorado Biarritz & Seville, Precious Metal: The 1966 Cadillac Fleetwood Series Sixty-Special Brougham, Precious Metal: 1966 Cadillac Fleetwood Series Sixty-Special Brougham, Last Of The Breed: The Gilded One Cadillac Series 6400 Eldorado, The Last Of The Breed: The Gilded One Cadillac Series 62 Eldorado, The Last Of The Breed: 1977 Cadillac The Next Generation of the Luxury Car, The Last Of The Breed: The Exit of the Traditional Cadillac. ], It was powered by a 345-horsepower 390-cubic-inch (6.4-liter) V-8 and Hydramatic transmission. The car, styled in Detroit by Cadillac, sold in single digit numbers (99). Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Brougham proposals of its They did it right when they did the work. Switzerland's Automobile Revue annual, 1958-59, The PF Skylight convertible on show during This was PFs expertise, building small volume car bodies. This roof styling evolved into the Series 61 and 62 six-window sedans. Excessive, or in-your-face badging was not deemed necessary. own power as it had neither engine nor drive-train. Pinin began working at the family firm Stabilimenti Farina in 1910 alongside his brothers Giovanni and Carlo. It had cast iron blocks and heads, hydraulic lifters, and five main bearings. sketches featurerear quarters, bumper and tail-light pods that are very It had cast iron blocks and heads, hydraulic lifters, and five main bearings. You know everything. They were still significant models in Cadillacs history. published by EPA in France (unfortunately, the EPA book in my collection, published in Please stop spewing misinformation. If at first glance, this Cadillac doesn't strike you as unusual, that's because its styling predicted many of the lines that appeared on the '61, '62, and '63 Cadillacs, most notably the. I have never known quite what to make of these. The haphazard listing here on Hemmings asks $58,000 or best offer for the 1 of 101 sedan. Cadillac's 60-year alliance with Pininfarina began with the 1931 V16 Roadster built for the Maharaja of Orchha. The 1959 & 1960 Eldorado Broughams were powered by Cadillacs 390 CID V8 OHV 16-valve pushrod engine. Someone built a hot rod outta one of these. With only 99 examples made, the $13,075 Eldorado Brougham for 1959, along with the 1960 model, is among the rarest of all Cadillacs. But yes, the whole idea of these was a bit iffy, and quite a different approach than the 57-58 version. Kp Cadillac Eldorado 1959 fr 1 495 000 kr, hos Woc Sales AB i Tumba. Im specifically talking about the exterior panels that are obviously unique to the Brougham. Chat is amongst 10 or so players. What does a 2017 TL(X) go for, i.e. Should dogs put their heads out car windows? As explained in the previous paragraph, it seems possible that this and the scoop on the hood; both have Borrani spoke wheels. These were really spirited vehicles. Whereas the early Broughams (1957-1958) used a chassis of their own, the 1959-1960 models used the stock Cadillac, 130 wheel base chassis, including most of the stock Cadillacs mechanical components. for the matching angular hard-top roof and the gaping front hood air scoop mounted on (one featured a brushed steel roof and no back seat. For 1959, Cadillac turned to Pinin Farina to produce the Eldorado Brougham. Any new part must be matched against the removed part to make certain that it is identical in shape and size before installation is attempted (!). The answer at that The Brougham was changed for '59 and '60, with Cadillac outsourcing the bodywork for these special models to Pininfarina in Italy. In those days, 100,000 miles was viewed as the expected useful life of a car by most people. Garage Corp.operating a parking garage at 8 E. 83rd Street, New York. GM Archives Cadillac had launched the Eldorado in 1953 at a price of $7750or about $72,000 adjusted for inflation. Miltal 966 mil. Your email address will not be published. There is no female buck, generally, as its much easier to form the panel over a convex form than into a concave form. You could have purchased a nice home for that amount back then. But maybe that was why the 59-60 sold at a rate only about 1/3 the original. Nonetheless, its a beautiful car and an example of something many Cadillac people know nothing about. What beautiful sled with a fantastic choice of colors. The only lead (a fair bit) was used on the front clip assembly, and maybe on panel joins like normal cars. The text reads: Unique Cadillac - 1957 motor, chassis, 1959 custom body by But given how high taxes were (92 %) and other factors, think more like $500k in todays money. Never mind the 61 had the same styling. 1962 Chevrolet Corvette3 days$33,750Bid Now, 1978 Chevrolet Corvette4 days$2,100Bid Now, 1971 Lincoln Continental Mark III5 days$3,000Bid Now, 1961 Volkswagen Samba Deluxe 23-Window8 days$100Bid Now. Cadillac never contracted with Pinin Farina to build a station wagon variant of its 1959 Eldorado Brougham, but as this year's Ridler Award winner Cadmad (a portmanteau of CADillac and noMAD) demonstrates, perhaps it should have. This unique car was built on the rare sixteen-cylinder chassis of the Cadillac Series In comparison, Italys Carrozzeria Farina had opened only the year before. Four years later, Cadillac introduced the Eldorado Brougham to compete with Lincoln Continental Mark II. The sketches are Nonetheless, I have a photo (below) taken at the Paris show where the Jacqueline My arguments all were founded on information I got directly from Pininfarina's The tiny skeg fins premiered those on the standard 61 and 62 designs. The remaining two panels now fully occlude the Pleixiglas roof. Quite the contrary. By 1964, most 1960 cars were well on their way to old car status. Otherwise, its not credible. Hos oss hittar du ven fler Cadillac frn fler bilhandlare! These cars were built as opulentultra luxury cars in direct competition to the Rolls-Royce. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. One of the stranger chapters at GM. During that time, he have been shaved to almost horizontal or the photo detail is unclear. white coupe (3/58, Geneva), the silver convertible (10/58 Paris) and the Nice boat. Italiano, 1999, The Jacqueline coupe in 1996 [Photo: Collectible The 390 produced 345 hp @ 4,800 rpm with 590 Nm of peak torque @ 3,400 rpm. I know not one panel was the same as the ordinary 1959 /60cars, but they were all still stamped in, and came from the USA including the firewall and cowl assembly.. air scoop). It was fitted with a Rochester triple deuce (3 2-bbl carburetors). Brougham that may have been on show concurrently in Paris. Interestingly, even the 1959 Brougham eschewed the twin-torpedoed fins of other 59 Cadilacs for a simplified look. Battista didnt take on a Detroit production car until the early 1950s, when Farina teamed with Nash to produce the Nash-Healey sports car. Better proportions than the 59 but with worst build quality, from the Italians. If you can cite a credible source that supports your assertion, please provide it. 1958 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham purchased new by Grace Kelly as a gift for her father. By their own admission, GM design chiefs Bill Mitchell and Chuck Jordan continued to be fascinated by with Italian design, visiting Turin often as an unofficial think tank. Bid for the chance to own a 1957 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham at auction with Bring a Trailer, the home of the best vintage and classic cars online. (image: 1958 The Autocar, week ending It raised costs to the point that really cut into the profit margins. They drank petrol as a sponge absorbs liquid but who cared when the price per gallon was under $.50! the Farina factory [Stabilimenti Farina] in 1930, before branching out on his When not used, the panels can be stored behind the parcel shelf. Did folks who bought a Rolls Royce Silver Cloud in 1960 were concerned about its future depreciation? [5] [6] Contents 1 Name 2 First generation (1953) 3 Second generation (1954-1956) Cars section of the Database for bespoke Other distinctive details include cut-down front doors; a low, sloping windshield; louvered panels covering the body frame; cycle fenders; and the elimination of running boards. Of course with a common 60 the hood opened from the front, leaving only the stationary grille behind. a tubular structure. The 1959 & 1960 models had a squared-off rear rooflines with rear ventipanes. To the average used car buyer, this $13,075 Brougham was probably just considered another used Cadillac model, and worth $2500 at most. If the ad is true, I wonder where the car is now? Quite a lot of coins even for the excessively-monied, who must have felt some slight irritation when a 61 looked no different to the lesser informed, me being one such if 60 years late. I would say that the 59 Brougham had more impact, as it was a bit more advanced in comparison to the production 59s than the 60 Brougham was to the 60s. I dont that it was more attractive than the Detroit cadillacs. There may have been some inner body panels shared, but its quite obvious that all exterior panels are unique to the Brougham. Thanks to reader Larry D. for serving us this tasty Italian-American masterpiece. "facts" drawn from the source(s) which, in my opinion, seem the most No description of the second Jacqueline (the alleged covers of the second generation Broughams (those assembled in Italy). Or truly beautiful. Fleetwood at Fisher Body finished the detail work once they arrived back in the US. And STILL they show crazy, silly cars everyone sees, can buy locally..amazing. RULES: No profanity, politics, or personal attacks. A 4 speed automatic transmission delivered the power to the road. not hint that the Skylight had survived, even less that it had been sold. The Brougham was now made a Fleetwood sub-series, carrying a Fleetwood chassis with a 130-inch wheel-base, same as all other 1959 Cadillacs exceptlimousines. It clearly enumerates those panels and parts that were shared with the regular Cadillac, and that the rest were built by PF in Italy, and then assembled there. It was one of their selling points, often referenced in the print advertisements. glass, rising high into the roof line. It is for you, the user, to point out any errors, omissions or The 1959 & 1960 Eldorado Broughams were powered by Cadillac's 390 CID V8 OHV 16-valve pushrod engine. The styling was much more restrained than before, but the price . Late Extra (6/2005): Well, I did hear I saw that car many years ago in a museum in San Diego. Cadillac built 100 top of the line 1959 Eldorado Fleetwood Broughams in conjunction with Italian carrozzeria Pinin Farina. From the website cadillacdatabase: https://newcadillacdatabase.org/Historical/Automobiles/Eldorado/EB5760/195960/1959Features. On the tri-power unit (Frank Tetro of Harbor Auto Restorations in Florida, who did the carefully avoided acknowledging or denying the rumor. (interesting when you consider how they are slopping together a gazillion per hour these days) With the Brougham out-of-the-way at Detroit, Fisher Bodys Fleetwood Division could produce more of the high rollers that brought in the cash. PF's Jacqueline coupe was built in honor of Americas own. In 1976 I had inquired if it might be for sale. Since it was handmade, there was no lead time on tooling and such, so it could be made to look like a 61 one year early. Jacqueline was for some (on a 1957 Series 60 Specisl chassis and drive train) the black & Some three decades before the appearance of the Allant, Cadillac had been very much on the minds of the designers in Italy. information I had on Jacqueline was mere hearsay and gossip by people who only with deep pockets appears to have come along with a very thick wad of $100 bills; he was Heres the text that goes along with that photo: The Cadillac chassis and other usable hardware [crated separately] were shipped to Genoa, Italy (located about 100 miles west of Turin). The windshield, on the other hand, is an almost exact copy of the '59 Brougham This color combination was confirmed to me by Pininfarina When he found it the car was green on green. Not all 1959 Cadillacs had bullet taillights. A highly remarkable find, especially in authentic CC condition. a lighter (metallic) hue color for the (later) Turin show. Up front, quad headlights, which were a Pinin Farina staple, bookended a simple egg crate grille. Right: '59 Eldorado Brougham rear bumper and tail-lights married to some did not see the two cars together, but he did send me a startling ad from the December In fact, Couturier is said to be a disreputable used Italiano (the show of Italian automobile elegance) in Monterey, CA in August below. Become a member to add images to your comments. from 1957 to 1960. period making it a rarer car than Cadillac's Eldorado Brougham with 904 models built It was only after I saw an in-progress project 20 odd years ago, if I recall correctly, procuring a windshield was in the thousands. Both 1959 & 1960 Broughams rode on Cadillacs rugged tubular X-frame. Splendor is the constant companion of the owner of these supremely gracious versions, presenting the completely restyled 1959 & 1960 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham hardtop sedans. They were totally unique.totally intriguing. In his recollections about the 1959 Brougham, Pierre Ollier, who was closely associated with its design [and who owned two 59 Broughams in 1978], mentioned how it had taken three weeks of negotiation with the Italian customs before the Brougham clay models could enter the country; at that time, a law prohibited the import of plaster objects, to protect Italys statue industry. The roof line used in 61 and later standard production was taller so that the quarter Windows could remain fixed. ostensibly in honor of the new American First lady. It simply shows those parts that were sent from detroit since they were the ones shared. I doubt they had regrets. Brougham chassis, since the latter did not become available until the Fall of 1958. You pay to give them ads. He was unable to provide the Cadillac chassis number - for this or the next Two of these PF It is one of 101 cars that General Motors shipped to Turin Italy that were then redesigned by Pininfarina and then shipped back to the US to be sold by Cadillac dealers. With the 1959 model year yielding 99 vehicles and the 1960 model year yielding 101 vehicles, they are quite rare and highly collectible. Automobile]. Thanks to NotoriousLuxury for some details. show two proposals for a custom 4-door sedan on the Rolls Royce Phantom V ten years [1996-2006] in the private collection of Alain-Dominique Perrin, CEO (former The seller went to the trouble to post on Hemings but failed to take good pictures! from one enthusiast, assistant attorney Michael W. Schultz, from Houston TX. The same high quality fit and finish werent the same as the 1957-1958 Eldorado Brougham from Detroit. How about a link? partner, Kruch. 1970 Classifieds in Hemmings Motor News (p.1324). I acquired two different sets of photos of the What would you stash in the under-dash hidey-hole? The whole body was handmade by PF in Italy. PF had a large cadre of panel beaters that could create small scale body panels for much cheaper than in the US, where panel beating was a dying art. Sheet metal was cut and formed on male wooden forms then welded together. (a conversion of the foregoing coupe? It is very nicely done, although I agree, the restoration took a few liberties with interior and a few other items. But then, I am not privy to the things that drive people of means to buy what they buy in its season, however fleeting that season may be. Comparing a current 2020 list price to what a random three year old car goes for isnt the right way to do it. The lights were removed from the tail fins, the sides are flatter with some concave details. "signed" H.V. Their modest tail fins prove that. This is true whether the fashion hangs in your closet or sits in your garage. Sad that it took just nine years to cheapen the product to a point when the Chevy Caprice did the same thing For thousands less. B. babycakes _101. The cars body was virtually seamless and crafted by hand hammering it into shape. One of which ( Cadillac Jacqueline) shared some styling influence with some Peugeots of the era. did not give me Mr. Kruch's address. In fact, its under 50%. Most curious is that neither Harley Earl nor Bill Mitchell are present. reminiscent of the 1959 Eldorado Brougham ! I am sure even body panels between different cars arent identical. chassis. Keep me in the conversation via email. [ Background image: Pininfarina archive photo of the Cadillac Jacqueline ]. was painted white, not gold. That year, the Farina brothers built a first custom body on a Cadillac chassis. Holy crap! been widely photographed), was NOT his car; he asserted that the Jacqueline shown Switzerland, in 1991, that I found it to be an engineless shell [a pushmobile] effectively Herv Willem] of Tarzana, CA. Saw that open below the dash Todd. Couturier, from Paris, in July/August 2001; he has a droll sense of humor; his tone could be stored, singly or all together, behind the parcel shelf. They appear to have had a minimal impact on what Cadillac wanted More of the same.. Broughams had very discreet labeling, and were badge more so as Broughams than Cadillacs . Though somewhat obscure, these cars are truly spectacular, especially when placed beside any of the other 1960 Cadillac offerings. collection in Turin. Do you mean this image? This car had an interesting Plexiglas top with an ingenious front and rear fenders and bumpers Left: Look at that windshield ! Beautiful car! Your email address will not be published. was the "world's champion" at reporting half-truths. Rolls Royce of England built their Phantom V models two-door above, the transformation was done by Frank Tetro, in California. I was absolutely smitten, but couldnt even begin to give it the attention that it needed. Nonetheless, the B&W photo I have of the car, taken at The 1959 & 1960 Eldorado Broughams were fully equipped as the other Eldorado models. I like the sorta-lookalike standard 61 models better though. The 1960 model year was the last time the problematic air suspension was used. The fenders and header panel were linked and stayed put when the hood opened ala Imperial, Lincoln, 57 Ford, etc. turned out to be a lot of b/s. Modell Eldorado. Required fields are marked *. Unlike other . The special Pininfarina models of 1958 through 1961 are described Thats roughly what I said in a post that didnt make it through publication. Sketch #5315 convertible models(s) were mounted on a Cadillac chassis, standing at 130 inches. Cadillac built the Brougham as a boutique halo car, and its unlikely they made a dime on each after paying Pininfarinas bill and two-way shipping. Pininfarinaasserted in 1976 that the Skylightcoupe and convertible models(s) were mounted on a Cadillac chassis, standing at 130 inches. Cadillac continued with the Eldorado Brougham model for two more years, but quit building the bodies in Detroit; instead, they contracted with Pininfarina to construct the special body. They did come with two lockable compartments on the rear package shelf, which are unique but difficult to use. Check it out! Mrke Cadillac. The PF customer relations department asserted also, in 1976, that Benot was "absolutely convinced" that there were for her. Its too bad to hear it has just sat and deteriorated. Two of the 18 words in this Cadillacs description are new interior, and it appears to be well-done. Sketch #5319 features two traditional Rolls Royce front fenders, bumpers andimpact Tell me, what panel would be made on a male wooden form? That same year, 1961, Battista officially changed his name, and that of the company, to Pininfarina. and the Series Sixty Special models measured 130 inches. public relations staff in the mid-seventies. Couturier, who claimed to have been closely associated with that car since the like the one claimed to be owned by Mr. Couturier, would appear light gray in a B&W as I was quick to point out in the Foreword to The New Standard of the World in Distinction! One of those rare cars that you see once in a lifetime in the wild that will never get put right. Hummer. convertible model above BOTH are derived from the B&W coupe shown at Geneva in Potential rust spots are filled with sealer. Mileage over 50,000 - Asking $5,000.00. Especially since the windshield and wind wings were unique to this model. Learn how your comment data is processed. Drivmedel Bensin. 1959 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham Additional Info: No we didn't make a mistake, this really is a 1959 model. Most body panels came from America. Between 1958 and 1961, the Italian coach-builder Pinin Farina - whose was replaced. Also, I have it from Pininfarina that Jacqueline Wondered the same. It When these cars were brand new and had arrived back in the states from Italy, they required re-finishing. Sheet metal was cut and formed on male wooden forms then welded together. from France ? You can also see the windshield on this was used on the 1961 models. The 1959-1960 Eldorado Broughams were farmed out to Pininfarina of Italy which made them exotic as well as cost efficient to Cadillac. They both had the luxury length of 225 they were 80 wide with long 130 wheelbases. Perhaps Cadillac experts can comment on the originality of what looks like an upholstered plywood box under the dashboard.

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